Shajarehnaameh Project
Qajar-Qovanlu (Qovanlu-Qajar)
and
Amirsoleymani-Qajar-Qovanlu (Kadjar)
Bibliography and Sources:
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Notes: The Qovanlu-Qajar (Quyunlu) line of the Qajars (Kadjars) has two main branches, 1) that of Shah Qoli Khan Qajar-Qovanlu through Fath Ali Khan Qajar-Qovanlu and his descendants (later, the Ruling House), and 2) that of Mussa Khan Qajar-Qovanlu through Eskandar Khan Qajar-Qovanlu and his children. Below is the genealogy of Mussa Khan's descendants. That of Shah Qoli Khan has been outlined through the genealogies of the Imperial House from discussions of their origins to that of the descendants of the rulers from Fath Ali Shah onwards, but as is evident from the list below, the two lines intersect and become one at several junctures, most prominently with Fatemeh Khanom, daughter of Eskandar Khan Qajar Qovanlu marrying Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar, and again and again. There are also other Qovanlu-Qajar lines still. The research will be published in these pages when completed.
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Ancestor: Mussa Khan Qajar Qovanlu. His children:
1. Eskandar Khan Qajar Qovanlu. He had four sons and several daughters, as follows:
1.1 Issa Khan (?)
1.2 Mussa Khan (?)
1.3 Mohammad Khan Qajar Qovanlu, Amir Kabir
1.4 Soleyman Khan Qajar Qovanlu (?)
1.5 Fatemeh Khanom, wife of Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar, son of Fath Ali Khan Qajar Qovanlu.
1.? Daughters
2. .... Other children of Mussa Khan Qajar Qovanlu?
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1.1 Issa Khan. His descendants?
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1.2 Mussa Khan. His descendants?
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1.3 Mohammad Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Amir Kabir," Governor of Erevan (18th century). His children:* (See Essay below also)
1.3.1 Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu
1.3.2 Hassan Khan Qajar Qovanlu "Yuzbashi"
1.3.3 Amir Soleyman Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Amir-Kabir"
1.3.4 Assiyeh Khanom Qajar Qovanlu
1.3.5 Morassa Khanom Qajar Qovanlu
Their descendants:
1.3.1 Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu (b. 1740-d. 1830), Governor of Ghazvin, Khorasan, and Erevan. His son:
1.3.1.1 Mohammad Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu m. Shirin Jan Khanom, 29th daughter of Fath Ali Shah. Descendants?
1.3.1.? Other children of Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu?
1.3.2 Hassan Khan Qajar Qovanlu "Yuzbashi." His descendants ?
1.3.3 Amir Soleyman Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Amir-Kabir" "Nezam-ed-Dowleh" "E'tezad-od-Dowleh."(origin of the Amirsoleymani family name). (b.1769-d. ca 1820) He married a Zand Princess. His children:
1.3.3.1 Amir Mohammad Qassem Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Amir-Kabir."
1.3.3.2 Esma'il Khan Qajar Qovanlu
Their descendants:
1.3.3.1 Amir Mohammad Qassem Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Amir-Kabir" (b. ? - d. 1831), m. Begom Jan Khanom, 2nd daughter of Fath Ali Shah. Their children:
1.3.3.1.1 Amir Issa Khan Vali, "E'temad-ed-Dowleh"
1.3.3.1.2 Soleyman Khan, "Khan-e Khanan"
1.3.3.1.3 Malek Jahan Khanom, "Mahd-e Olia" (II)
1.3.3.1.4 Mussa Khan Qajar Qovanlu
Their descendants:
1.3.3.1.1 Amir Issa Khan Vali, "Ehtesham-ed-Dowleh." His descendants:
1.3.3.1.1.1 Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Vali." His descendants?
1.3.3.1.1.2 Mohammad Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Majd-e Saltaneh." His descendants?
1.3.3.1.1.3 Allah Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu. His son:
1.3.3.1.1.3.1 Soltan Mohammad Mirza. His descendants?
1.3.3.1.1.4 Mehdi Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Majd-ed-Dowleh," Il-Khan. His children from several marriages:
1.3.3.1.1.4.1 Shams-od-Din Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Tamjid-ed-Dowleh" Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.2 ......., "Majd-os-Saltaneh" Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.3 Mohammad Ai Khan Qajar Qovanlu Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.4 Abdol Hossein Khan Qajar Qovanlu Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.5 Allah Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu Amirsoleymani. Married Banou Khanom Zolfaghari. Their children:
1.3.3.1.1.4.5.1 Kamran Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.5.2 Lili Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.5.3 Ladan Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.6 Gholam Hossein Khan Qajar Qovanlu Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.7 Mostafa Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.8 Morteza Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.9 Eftekhar-ed-Dowleh Khanom Qajar Qovanlu Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.10 Sorour Aghdas Khanom Qajar Qovanlu Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.11 Nezhat-ed-Dowleh Khanom Qajar Qovanlu Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.12 Qodrat-ed-Dowleh Khanom Qajar Qovanlu Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.13 Afagh -ed-Dowleh Khanom Qajar Qovanlu Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.14 Monir-Azam Khanom Qajar Qovanlu Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.15 Ezzat-ed-Dowleh Khanom Qajar Qovanlu Amirsoleymani
1.3.3.1.1.4.? Other children?
1.3.3.1.1.5 Ja'far Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Jalal-ol-Molk," "Moi'n-os-Soltan," Master of the Royal Household of Nasser-ed-Din Shah, m. Kaukab-os-Saltaneh, eldest daughter of Mass'ud Mirza "Zell-es-Soltan." His son:
1.3.3.1.1.5.1 Azizollah Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Jalal-ol-Molk." His descendants?
1.3.3.1.1.6 Hossein Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Sa'id-e Homayoun." His descendants?
1.3.3.1.1.7 Hassan Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Shebl-os-Saltaneh." His descendants?
1.3.3.1.2 Soleyman Khan, "Khan-e Khanan." Marries his cousin Malekzadeh Khanom, daughter of Mohammad Qoli Mirza "Molk Ara" and Golpari Sara Malek Qajar. His children:
1.3.3.1.2.1 Anoushirvan "Shir" Khan, "Eyn-ol-Molk" "E'tezad-od-Dowleh." Ancestor of the Sepahbody family. (For descendants see Sepahbody family in these pages). (Also listed below under 1.3.4.1.1)
1.3.3.1.2.2 Mohammad Ali Khan Qajar Qovanlu. (Half-brother of Shir Khan). His descendants? (Also listed below under 1.3.4.1.1)
1.3.3.1.3 Malek Jahan Khanom, "Mahd-e Olia" (II), m. Mohammad Shah Qajar, mother of:
1.3.3.1.3.1 Nasser-ed-Din Shah Qajar
1.3.3.1.3.2 Malekzadeh Khanom, "Ezzat ed-Dowleh." Born 1836. Married her cousin Shir Khan as his second wife, divorcing her husband Mirza Kazem Khan Nezam-ol-Molk.
1.3.3.1.4 Mussa Khan Qajar Qovanlu. His son:
1.3.3.1.4.1 Ali Reza Khan Qajar Qovanlu "Azod-ol-Molk" (Azdelmolk), "Il-Khan" "Nayeb-Saltaneh." (b. ?- d. 1910) For his descendants please see Azdelmolk's Genealogy in these pages.)
1.3.3.2 Esma'il Khan Qajar Qovanlu. He marries his cousin Khadijeh Khanom, daughter of Fath Ali Shah Qajar and Assieh Khanom Qajar Qovanlu (daughter of Mohammad Khan Qajar Qovanlu, see below). Their children: nine daughters and one son:
1.3.3.2.1 Ahmad Khan. (Also listed below under 1.3.4.2)
1.3.3.? Other children of Amir Soleyman Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Amir-Kabir"?
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1.3.4 Assiyeh Khanom Qajar Qovanlu, 2nd wife of Fath Ali Shah Qajar. Their children:
1.3.4.1 Mohammad Qoli Mirza "Molk Ara" (born 1203-1788-9--d. ?), ancestor of Molk Ara family. He married Golpari Sara Malek Qajar, daughter of Morteza Qoli Khan Qajar, half-brother of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar. Their daughter:
1.3.4.1.1 Malekzadeh Khanom, marries her cousin, Soleyman Khan, Khan-e Khanan (See above 1.3.3.1.2). Her son:
1.3.3.4.1.1.1 Anoushirvan "Shir" Khan, "Eyn-ol-Molk" "E'tezad-od-Dowleh." Ancestor of the Sepahbody family. (For descendants see Sepahbody family in these pages). (Also listed above under 1.3.3.1.2)
1.3.4.2 Khadijeh Khanom, m. her cousin Esmail Khan Qajar Qovanlu, son of Amir Soleyman Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "E'tezad-ed-Dowleh" "Amir-Kabir." (Also listed above under 1.3.3.2) They had nine daughters and one son:
1.3.4.2.1 Ahmad Khan.
1.3.4.3 Zeynab Khanom, m. her cousin Mohammad Baqer Khan (Merrikh Shah) Qajar, son of Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu "Koutchek," brother of Fath Ali Shah. Their children: (also listed below under 1.5.2.2 children of Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Koutchek.")
1.3.4.3.1 Asadollah Khan. His descendants?
1.3.4.3.2 Hossein Khan. His descendants?
1.3.4.3.3 Mohammad Hassan Khan. His descendants?
1.3.4.3.4 Daughter. Her descendants?
1.3.5 Morassa Khanom Qajar Qovanlu, m. Mohammad Nasser Khan. Their son:
1.3.5.1 Ebrahim Khan Sardar. His descendants?
1.3.? Other children of Mohammad Khan Qajar Qovanlu?
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1.4 Soleyman Khan Qajar Qovanlu (?)
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1.5 Fatemeh Khanom, wife of Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar, son of Fath Ali Khan Qajar Qovanlu, ancestor of the Qajar Ruling House. They had two sons and one daughter:
1.5.1 Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar. No issue.
1.5.2 Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar, "Djahansouz Shah." He married ... Khanom, daughter of Mohammad Khan Ezz-od-Dinlu Qajar, "Mahd-e Olia" (I). He has two children:
1.5.2.1 Fath Ali Khan Qajar, "Baba Khan." Later Fath Ali Shah Qajar. His descendants:
1.5.2.1.1 .... 1.5.2.1.108 See Fath Ali Shah Qajar's Descendants in these pages.
1.5.2.2 Hossein Qoli Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Koutchek." His descendants:
1.5.2.2.1 Zeyn-el-Abedin Khan Qajar Qovanlu. He marries his cousin Omm Salmeh Khanom, daughter of Fath Ali Shah by Ziba-Chehr Khanom Gorji ÒGalin Khanom,Ó mother of Mohammad Ali Dowlatshah. They had two children:
1.5.2.2.1.1 Mohammad Ja'far Mirza. His descendants?
1.5.2.2.1.2 Daughter. Her descendants?
1.5.2.2.2 Mohammad Bagher Khan Qajar Qovanlu, "Merrikh Shah." He marries his cousin Zeynab Khanom, daughter of Fath Ali Shah by Assiyeh Khanom (daughter of Mohammad Khan Qajar Qovanlu[See above 1.3.4.3]); sister of Mohammad Qoli Mirza Molkara and of Khadijeh Khanom. They had four children, one daughter and three sons:
1.5.2.2.2.1 Asadollah Khan. His descendants?
1.5.2.2.2.2 Hossein Khan. His descendants?
1.5.2.2.2.3 Mohammad Hassan Khan. His descendants?
1.5.2.2.2.4 Daughter. Her descendants?
1.5.2.2.3 Mussa Khan Qajar Qovanlu. He marries his cousin Ezzat-Nessa Khanom, daughter of Fath Ali Shah, and sister of Teyghoun Khanom. From that marriage issue four children, three daughters and one son:
1.5.2.2.3.1 Allah Qoli Khan. His descendants?
1.5.2.2.3.2 Daughter. Her descendants?
1.5.2.2.3.3 Daughter. Her descendants?
1.5.2.2.3.4 Daughter. Her descendants?
1.5.2.2.? Other children of Koutchek Khan?
1.5.3 Bibi Khanoum. Married first, Sadeq Khan Zand. Second, Ali Morad Khan Zand. Her son:
1.5.3.1 Khanad Khan. His descendants?
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1.? Other children of Eskandar Khan Qajar Qovanlu?
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This essay by George Bournoutian from the Encyclopedia Iranica submitted by Amir Ali Sardar Iravani, descendant of Hossein Qoli Khan son of Mohammad Khan Qajar Qovanlou Sardar Iravani. Amir Ali Sardar Iravani can be contacted at: ali.sardari@udo.edu
HOSAYNQOLI KHAN SARDAR-E IRAVANI, important governor in the early Qajar period (b. ca. 1155/1742, d. 1246/1831). He was the son of Mohammad Khan Qajar, a member of the Qovanlu clan of the Qajars, who in the eighteenth century had governed Iravan (Erevan, q.v.). His birthplace is unknown. His occasional use of the title of Qazvini could indicate Qazvin as a possible birthplace, but more probably the association relates to his successful campaign against Sadeq Khan Shaqaqi near Qazvin and his subsequent governorship there. Hosaynqoli is first mentioned as being in Shiraz as a member of the household of the heir-apparent, Baba Khan (later Fath-Ali Shah), where he served as the head page (qollar-aqasi; Bamdad, Rejal I, p. 402). After his accession to the throne, Fath- Ali Shah rewarded Hosaynqoli for his loyalty in a number of ways: by granting him several posts, including the governorship of Khorasan (Sepehr, I, pp. 119-24), by marrying a sister of Hosaynqoli, by asking for the hand of one of Hosaynqoli's daughters for Abbas Mirza (q.v.), the heir to the throne (Ormanian, III, p. 3481) and, by agreeing to the marriage of his 29th daughter to Mohammadqoli, the son of Hosaynqoli (Bamdad, Rejal I, p. 497).
Requiring a strong and loyal governor to command the fortress of Erevan against the Russian advances during the first Russo-Persian War (1804-1813), the shah appointed Hosaynqoli as the commander-in-chief (sardar) of the Persian forces north of the Araxes (Aras) River (Freygang, p. 284). A year later, Hosaynqoli's brother, Hasan Khan, whose reputation for bravery had earned him the sobriquet saru aslan ("yellow lion"), arrived in Erevan, but he continued to harass the Russian forces on the borders of Georgia (Hedayat, Rawzat al-safa IX, pp. 388-90). During his twenty-year tenure Hosaynqoli tried to win the goodwill of the population, especially of the Armenians. The rightful head of the Armenian Church, Catholicos Daniel, whose seat was usurped by Catholicos David, was reinstated at the Holy See of Ejmiatsin (Uch-Kilisa) outside of Erevan (Bournoutian, 1992, p. 78). He kept good relations with Melik Sahak Aqamal, the secular chief of the Armenians of the khanate of Erevan, and was instrumental in arranging the marriage of Sahak's daughter to the renegade Georgian prince, Alexander Batonishvili, a staunch enemy of the Russians. Foreign travelers call him one of the most powerful and wealthy chiefs in Persia with as much authority as Abbas Mirza (Morier, p. 313; Fraser, I, p. 227; Ker Porter, I, p. 202; Kotzebue, p. 105).
Hosaynqoli Khan did not have any members of his family as hostages in Tehran, had the right to mint coins, and had the rare opportunity of keeping a large part of the revenue for defense purposes. He encouraged trade and created a stable administration. Even Armenian and Russian sources, who have little good to say about the Persian khans in Transcaucasia, praise Hosaynqoli for being kind, honest, noble, conscientious, and just (Abovian, III, p. 58; Haxthausen, pp. 265-66). In the long run, the ill-organized Persian army was no match for the full force of the experienced Russian army, veterans of the Napoleonic wars. The Second Russo-Persian War (1826-28) resulted in the Treaty of Turkamanchay and the annexation of the khanates of Erevan and Nakchivan (Chokur-e Sad) to Russia. Although Hasan was captured, held for four months in Tiflis, and released under article XIII of the Treaty of Turkamanchay (Sepehr, I, p. 379), Hosaynqoli, who had avoided capture was, according to Persian sources, honored by the shah and died a prosperous man at the age of ninety (Bamdad, Rejal I, p. 404). Armenian and Western sources, however, claim that he died in a stable, a poor and broken man (Alboyajian, p. 379; Lynch, I, p. 217). Unlike other Transcaucasian khans, Hosaynqoli did not make a deal with the Russians and managed to thwart their efforts for two decades. Russia's anger was demonstrated in article XII of the Treaty and Turkamachay (1 828), which specifically deprived him and his brother of the right to sell or exchange their property in ErevanÑa right granted to all others (Hurewitz, I, 99).
Bibliography: Kh. Abovian, Erkeri liakatar zhoghovatsu III, Erevan, 1947. A. Alboyajian, Patmakan Hayastani shamannere, Cairo, 1950. George Bournoutian, "Husayn Qul Khan Qazvn, Sardar of Erevan: A Portrait of a Qajar Administrator," Iranian Studies 9, 1976, pp. 163-79. Idem, The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828, Costa Mesa, Calif., 1992. James Baillie Fraser, Narrative of a Journey into Khorasan in the Years 1821 and 1822, London, 1825. Fredrika Kudriavaskaia von Freygang, Letters from the Caucasus and Georgia [by Frederika von Freygang]: to which are added, the account of a journey into Persia in 1812 [by Wilhelm von Freygang] . . . , tr. from French, London, 1823. August Franz von Haxthausen, Transcaucasia, Sketches of the Nations and Races . . . , tr. from German by J. E. Taylor, London, 1854. J. C. Hurewitz, Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East. A Documentary Record, 1535-1914, Princeton, 1956. Robert Ker Porter, Travels in Georgia, Persia, Armenia, Ancient Babvlonia . . . , London, 1821-22. Moritz von Kotzebue, Narrative of a Journey into Persia: in the suite of the Imperial Russian Embassy, in the Year 1817, tr. from German, London, 1891. Henry Finnis B. Lynch, Armenia, Travels and Studies, London, 1812. James Morier, A Second Journey through Persia, Armenia, and Asia Minor to Constantinople, London, 1812. M. Ormanian, Azgapatum, III, Jerusalem, 1927. Mohammad-Taqi Sepehr (Lesan-al-Molk) Naseko al-tawariko I, Tehran, repr., 1965. I. Shopen (Chopin), Istoricheski pamyatnik sostoyaniya Armyansko oblasti v epokhu eo prisoedineniya k Rossisko imperii, St. Petersburg, 1852. (GEORGE A. BOURNOUTIAN)
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